Cytogenetics (CYTO 311)

INTRODUCTION

CYTOGENETICS

Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes and their role in heredity. Thus, the course is all about chromosomes: chromosome structure and composition, the methods that scientists use to analyze chromosomes, chromosome abnormalities associated with disease, the roles that chromosomes play in sex determination, and changes in chromosomes during evolution.

The field of cytogenetics emerged in the early twentieth century, when scientists realized that chromosomes are the physical carriers of genes. As is always the case in science, researchers built on the observations of their fellow investigators to synthesize the chromosome theory of heredity. This groundbreaking theory had its foundations in the detailed observations that cytologists had made about chromosome movements during mitosis and meiosis, which suggested that chromosome behavior could explain Mendel's principles of inheritance.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This is a two – unit course on the study of normal and abnormal chromosomes and will also include topics on hereditary and variation such as Mendelian genetics, non – Mendelian genetics and molecular genetics. The practical applications of genetics especially in human genetics are emphasized.

COURSE EXPECTED OUTCOMES

At the end of the course and given relevant actual or simulated situations/conditions, the students will be able to:

Describe the origin and branches of Cytogenetics and identify different methods of genetic study
Define basic terminology in Cytogenetics and explain the cytological basis of inheritance.
Distinguish the different modes of inheritance and solve problems on inheritance.
Become familiar with major techniques used in clinical Cytogenetics
Explain the nature and characteristics of chromosomal abnormalities in clinical syndrome and in disorders of sexual differentiation; and conduct research and related activities on current diagnosis, management and treatment practices.

COURSE CONTENT

COURSE MODULE (CM)	WEEK	SESSION	COURSE UNIT (CU)
CM1: Genetics and Cells	1	1	CM1-CU1: OLFU Vision, Mission, and Objectives
			CM1-CU2: Introduction and History of Cytogenetics
		2	CM1-CU3: The Cell and its Organelles
			CM1-CU4: Cell Division: Cell Cycle and Mitosis
	2	3	CM1-CU5: Cell Division: Meiosis and Chromosome Morphology
		4	CM2-CU6: Model Organisms
CM2: Mendelian Genetics			CM2-CU7: Mendelian Genetics
	3	5	CM2-CU7: Mendelian Genetics
			CM2-CU8: Mendelian Genetics (Mendel’s Dihybrid cross and Law of Independent Assortment)
		6	MIDTERM EXAMINATION
			CM2-CU9: Pedigree Analysis
	4	7	CM2-CU10: Modification of Mendelian Ratios
CM3: Chromosome and Chromosomal Abnormalities		8	CM3-CU11: Introduction to Karyotyping
			CM3-CU12: Karyotyping
	5	9	CM3-CU13: Chromosome Nomenclature and Chromosomal Aberrations
		10	CM3-CU14: Chromosomal Aberrations
	6	11	CM3-CU15: Chromosomal Aberrations associated with Cytogenetic Disorders
		12	FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE REQUIREMENT

Access to Canvas Learning Management System

Online Class attendance

Online Class participation

Participation to the Discussion Board

Submission/Compliance to Weekly Assessment Tasks online

Online Examinations

RESOURCES

Klug, W., and Cummings, M. (2020). Essentials of Genetics. 10^th Edition, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Lewis, R. (2018) Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications 12th Edition, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education

Adkinson, L. (2012). Integrated Genetics,2^nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier

Guerrero, Jonathan Jaime. (2016). Principles of cytogenetics, 1st ed. Manila: Educational Pub.

Kent, B. (2016). The Genetics of bacteria and their viruses. New York: Intelliz Press.572.8 G28 2016

Klug, W.S. et al., (2012). Concept of Genetics. 10^th Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Hartl, Daniel L.. (2014). Essential genetics: a genomics perspective, 6th ed. Massachusetts: Jones & Barlett Learning.

McPherson, P. (2011). Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 22nd Edition, Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders

O'Dell, Kevin. (2017). Genetics? No problem! West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

JOURNAL:

ACTA Medica Philippina

Asian Pacific Journal of Medical Laboratory Science

Mcginnis, W. (2016). Model Organisms in the Study of Development and Disease: The Molecular Basis of Clinical Disorders of Morphogenesis. 10.1093/med/9780199934522.003.0003. p.25-26

E-JOURNAL:

Journal of Human Genetics. ISSN 1434-5161. Nature Publishing Group.

European Journal of Medical Genetics ISSN 1769-7212 Elsevier

Corsi, A. K., Wightman, B., & Chalfie, M. (2015). A Transparent Window into Biology: A Primer on Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics, 200(2), 387–407. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.115.176099

Koornneff, M., & Meinke, D. (2010). The development of Arabidopsis as a model plant. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.04086.x

Pacurar, D. (2009). Model organisms - A journey from the dawn of biological research to the post-genomic era. Romanian Biotechnological Letters Biological Sciences REVIEW. 14. 4087-4094.

WEBSITE:

https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-are-model-organisms

https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/why-use-the-zebrafish-in-research

https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Zebrafish-as-a-Model-Organism.aspx